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# Shi'ite Religious Flags (Iran)

##

Last modified: 2026-04-11 by ian macdonald
Keywords: islam | shi'a | shi'ite | iran |
Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors

- Holy shrines flags
  - Abd al-Azim Holy Shrine
  - Fatima Masumeh Shrine
  - Hazrat Shah Cheraq Holy Shrine
- Shia Muslim banners
- Jihad flags
  - Yā Hussain flag
  - Red Jihad War flag / Red Flag of Revenge
  - Jaish al-Adl
- Religious organizations
  - Astan-e Quds Razavi charity
- Friday Prayer flag

See also:

- Index of Iran Pages
- Shi'ite Religious Flags (Iraq)

## Holy shrines flags

### Abd al-Azim Holy Shrine

image located by Esteban Rivera, 22 April 2024

Abd al-Azim al-Hasan, commonly known as Shah Abdol-Azim and likewise Sayyid al-Karim, is among those scholars who are from the progeny of the second Imam of Shia Islam, Hasan ibn Ali. His complete name is Abu al-Qasim â€˜Abd al-Azim bin â€˜Abdillah bin â€˜Ali bin al-Hasan bin Zayd (bin â€˜Ali) bin al-Hasan bin â€˜Ali bin Abi Talib, transliterated simply as Abdolazim or even Abdulazim Hosni. Abd al-Azim is also named Hazrat (transliterated Hadhrat) Abd al-Azim (al) Hasani particularly in formal speaking/news.
Abd al-Azim, was among the companions of the ninth and tenth Imams of Shia, namely Muhammad al-Jawad and Ali al-Hadi. He died on November 2, 866, and is buried at the Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine in Rey, Iran, with the first building of the mausoleum being erected ca. III century BC.
Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Azim_al-Hasani and
https://fa.wikipedia.org
The flag is a green horizontal background with the logo featuring three top cupolas in different shades of green and above them a bigger cupola, surrounded by a sunbeam.

For additional information go to Abdulazim (official website): https://www.abdulazim.com/
Esteban Rivera, 22 April 2024

Logo

image located by Esteban Rivera, 22 April 2024

### Fatima Masumeh Shrine

Source: https://en.abna24.com/news//changing-of-flag-ceremony-held-at-hazrat-masoumeh-holy-shrine-in-qom_957822.html
Caption: On the auspicious occasion of the birth anniversary of Hazrat Fatemeh Masoumeh, [he daughter of Imam Musa Kazem and sister of Imam Reza], the changing of the flag ceremony was carried out at her Holy Shrine in Qom, South of Tehran, Iran; c. July 2019
William Garrison, 25 November 2019

image located by William Garrison, 22 December 2019

Source: http://en.hawzahnews.com/news/353796/The-flag-of-holy-shrine-of-Fatemeh-Maasoume-a-s-to-be-gifted
Caption: The flag of the Shia Holy Shrine of Fatemeh Maasoume (or: Fatima Masumeh) in Qom, Iran [c. Dec. 22, 2019].
William Garrison, 22 December 2019

image located by William Garrison, 14 June 2024

A flag that flies above the mausoleum/shrine of Lady "Fatimah bint Musa" or "Fatima al-Ma'suma/Masumeh" (c. 790 AD - 816 AD), daughter of the seventh "Twelver Shia Imam": Musa al-Kadhim/Kazim. During a family-visitation journey, the young "Fatima" (literally meaning: "the immaculate") fell ill along the way and died in Qom, Iran. She is revered for her piety in Twelver Shiism and her Qom shrine is a major destination for pilgrimage. Shiite "Imams" are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the "Twelver branch" of Shia Islam. Though Shi'i theology formally states that the relatives of the Imams, or "Imamzadehs", hold a lower religious status than the Imams, popular Shi'ism still strongly venerates the "imamzadehs" or "saints". Her shrine's logo appears at the bottom of her flag. Reading the Arabic writing from right-to-left, the thin top line reads: "Peace Be Upon You", and the larger center slogan starts: "Ya/Oh, Fatimah...." Essentially this flag appeals for her spiritual assistance to troubled Shia-Muslim devotees. [New flag designs may appear annually upon the saint's birthday.]
Wikipedia info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_Masumeh_Shrine
William Garrison, 14 June 2024

Shrine's logo

image located by William Garrison, 14 June 2024
Source: https://int.amfm.ir/en/ziyarat-of-lady-fatima-masuma/

### Hazrat Shah Cheraq Holy Shrine

image located by William Garrison, 30 May 2024
Source: https://es.irna.ir/photo

A flag flying over the dome of the "Hazrat Shah Cheraq Holy Shrine" in Shariz, Iran; credit: Reza Ghaderi (IRNA). Per Wikipedia, "Shah Cheragh Holy Shrine is one of the main attractions of Shiraz, and also an important religious site in Iran, which is the holy shrine of Ahmad and Mouhammad, the sons of Musa al-Kadhim the seventh Imam of Shiite Muslims and brothers of Imam Reza the eighth Imam. .... The name of Shah Cheragh, which literally means "King of the Light" (or maybe "Oh King! The Light!"), refers to a local mythical story about an old woman who notes a light from afar once a week, and when she reports this to the king, they find out that this light shines above a place which turns out to be the grave of the old son of Musa Ibn Jafar (Musa al Kadhim). Then the king decided to build a fancy shrine over the grave."
Info source: https://packtoiran.com/blogs/

William Garrison, 30 May 2024

## Shia Muslim banners

Ali-Allah Liege flag

image located by Valentin Poposki, 9 December 2011

I was able to contact أحمد سميح مصالحة (Ahmad Sameeh Massalha) who kindly helped identify this flag. The gold text عليٌ ولي الله means "Ali is God's liege" or "The liege from God". Ahmad says this is another Shia Muslim banner declaring their allegiance to Ali (Hussein's father), the 4th Muslim caliph whose death preceded and actuated the Shia-Sunni split.
Esteban Rivera, 28 August 2020

Full image at http://blog.travelpod.com/travel-photo/skiwiman/1/1226176140/flag-with-farsi-scriptx-naxin.jpg/tpod.html

This flag is described as "Flag with Farsi script, Na'in" on the source web page.
Valentin Poposki, 9 December 2011

This Shia-Muslim flag reads in Farsi (from right-to-left) as: "Ali waliu Allah". "Waliu" has several meanings: liege/(allegiance), guardian, custodian/(successor), protector, or helper. As mentioned in an Esteban Rivera note, this expression literally means that Ali is pledging his allegiance to the Muslim god: Allah. But there is deeper significance to this flag. "Ali bn Abi Talibâ€ was Mohammad's cousin and son-in-law, and he was the fourth Sunni-Muslim "caliph" (political-religious leader of the Muslim "ummah" or "community"), as well as the first Shia-Muslim "Imam" (political-religious leader). Numerous sayings of Muhammad praise Ali, the most controversial of which was allegedly uttered by the Muslim prophet in 632 at the Ghadir Khumm: â€œWhoever I am his mawla [leader/master], this Ali is his mawla." That same directive is reprinted at the top of this flag in a curved slogan: â€œMan kunto maula fa-haaza â€˜ali-yun maula". To Shia-Muslims, Muhammad was naming Ali as his successor â€“ not as an additional prophet, but to continue to champion Mohammad's religious Islamic revelations. To make a very long story short, following Aliâ€™s assassination in January 661 CE, his Shia heirs claimed leadership of the overall Muslim ummah, but they had few followers, as most Muslims eventually coalesced around Sunni leaders. [For the lengthy succession details, see Wikipedia â€œAli ibn Abi Talibâ€.] Shiites claim that from Ali and his descendants (known as the "Ahl al-Bayt" family) that they are still the only rightful political and religious successors to Muhammad for interpreting Islam. This flag can be readily identified as a Shia flag, as at the bottom there is curved line â€“ which is the long flowing stylized "i/ee/y" in "Ali" [ عليٌ is pronounced as "ilee"] â€“ which at its left end it is shaped as the doubled-pronged sword called "Zulfiqar". Shiites contend that this sword was originally carried by Mohammad, who later gave it to Ali. The Shia argue that Mohammad's action of giving his sword to Ali reinforces their claim that Mohammad was favoring Ali as his successor. So, this flag essentially announces the dominance of "Ali is the liege/protector of Allah and Islam", and, thereby, the Shia should lead the Muslim community. However, as the Sunni comprise about 80% of the Muslim ummah, they reject the "wannabe" leadership claims of the minority Shia -- who comprise about only 15% of all Muslims. A long story here, but it explains the little-known background of the non-obvious meaning of this flag. So few words on this flag, but so much meaning.
William Garrison, 17 August, 2024

"Labbaik Ya Mahdi" orange single-line slogan variety

image located by William Garrison 30 May 2022

Source: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/
A flag reading in Farsi (read: right-to-left): "Labbaik Ya Mahdi" or in English: "I am here, Oh, Mahdi". Seen being paraded during a Tehran funeral procession of IRGC-Quds Force Colonel Hassan Sayyad Khodaei in late May 2022. Essentially, any Shia-Muslim parading this flag is informing the "hidden Imam" that his devotees are appealing for his quick return to create the "End of Times" and thereby bring about the cleansing of ill-doers. Credit: WANA NEWS AGENCY/ REUTERS.
William Garrison, 16 June 2024

"Labbaik Ya Mahdi" flag - Red two-line slogan flag

image located by William Garrison, 21 August 2024

Source: https://i.pinimg.com

A red-field Shia-Muslim flag with a two-line white Arabic slogan that reads: لبیک or "Labbaik" on the top line, and on the bottom: "Ya Mahdi", which when combined read: "Labbaik Ya Mahdi" or "Here I am, Oh, Mahdi". "Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdi" is believed by the "Twelver Shia" to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the "End of Time" to establish peace and justice and redeem Islam. Essentially, any Shia-Muslim parading this flag is informing the "hidden Imam" that his devotees are appealing for his quick return to create the "End of Time" and thereby bring about the cleansing of ill-doers. Also, the person parading this flag is informing the spirit of the "Hidden Imam" that he is willing to assist the Mahdi in achieving his religious mission.
William Garrison, 21 August 2024

"Labbaik Ya Mahdi Commander!" variety

image located by William Garrison, 21 August 2024

Source: https://i.pinimg.com

This is a Shia-Muslim flag that beseeches the "Hidden Imam Mahdi" to assist distressed Shiites. A red-field flag with what appears to be a three-line white Arabic slogan. However, it really is just a two-line white Arabic phrase that reads: لبیک or "Labbaik" on the bottom white line, and the middle white line reads: "Ya Mahdi!", which when combined read: "Labbaik Ya Mahdi!" or "Here I am, Oh, Mahdi!". What appears to be a long thin white line at the top is just a fancy long script of the "middle" letter "k" in Arabic: ـكـ. [I believe this fancy long line is just an artistic attempt to symbolically "box frame" the word "Mahdi" -- with the English "L" letter that in Arabic looks backwards as: ل -- at the far right and is balanced with a similar-looking exclamation mark (!) on the left side.] At the bottom of this flag is a black slogan reading "Peace be unto you, Oh, Commander of the Faithful" that gives him a rank/title of "Commander". Usually, this title is reserved for Imam Ali, but it can designate the leader of any Muslim community. Essentially, any Shia-Muslim parading this flag is informing the "hidden Imam" that his devotees are appealing for his quick return to create the "End of Time" and thereby bring about the cleansing of ill-doers. Also, the person parading this flag is informing the spirit of the Mahdi that he is willing to assist him in achieving his religious mission. There are small black diacritic marks above various consonant letters to indicate the placement of vowels â€“ which are not usually shown in Arabic words. [There is a hidden flagpole sleeve at the right hoist side.] This black slogan is shown as a light-blue neon sign atop the entrance to Imam Ali's shrine in Najaf, Iraq, as the fourth photograph down the page at https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/long-reads/arabic-calligraphy-tradition-history-wadi-al-salam-iraq-b1076705.html.
William Garrison, 21 August 2024

## Jihad Flags

### Yā Hussain flags

image located by Esteban Rivera, 30 November 2014

In this picture (http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Saeqeh-fighter-jets-Iran-Air-Force1.jpg, source: http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/?p=90142) taken back in 2010, there is a green flag in the middle with red lettering.

It seems to be a religious prayer: "Yā Hussain is an Arabic phrase used by Shia Muslims to invoke the memory or intervention of Hussain ibn Ali. It is especially used in the context of the Mourning of Muharram."
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya_Hussain
I've also seen the following variants:
- Black background with red letters (see image at Ya Husain flag): http://m5.i.pbase.com/o4/93/329493/1/59130245.IranMar062629.jpg (source: http://www.pbase.com/image/59130245)
- White background with red letters: https://muharramnyc.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/hussain1.jpg (source: http://pixgood.com/ya-hussain-flag.html))

Here is the explanation:
Iran Islam Shia Ya Husain Religious, Political & Military Flag
The Inscription on the flag reads YA HUSAIN. He was the 3rd Imam of all Shia who was martyred in Karbala, Iraq, centuries ago & is a symbol for all Shias to raise against the Oppressors.
The wording above YA HUSAIN is the Famous Hadith of Prophet Muhammad that reads: " INNA-HUSAIN mISBAHUL-HUDA WA SAFINATUN-NAJAT" that means Husain is the Lighthouse of Islamic Guidance for the lost ships & the Rescue ship.
Such flags are mostly used by Shia Political & Military Groups in Iran & Lebanon."
Source: http://www.mecollectibles.com/en/flags/1636-iran-islam-shia-ya-husain-religious-political-military-flag.html
Esteban Rivera, 30 November 2014

Not quite sure if it is a religious phrase. Mourning of Muharram was the day Hussain was murdered (some kind of genesis story of Shiite vs. Sunnite Muslims). Basically it means something like "Remember Hussein" (and forever don't be friend with his murderers). The event marks the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala when Imam Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, and a Shia Imam, was killed by the forces of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I at Karbala.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram
Dirk SchÃ¶nberger, 30 November 2014

### Labbaik Ya Hussain

images located by William Garrison, 19 August 2024

Sources: https://www.flipkart.com/zohastore, https://x.com/Aon_kirmani1

A Shia-Muslim flag with the Farsi slogan: لبيك يا حسين or "Labbaik ya Hussain", which means literally: "I am here, Oh, Hussain!", and implying: "I am here to support you, Oh, Hussain!" A person parading this flag is appealing to Imam "Hussain ibn Ali" to help distressed Shiite Muslims. Hussain was the grandson of the Muslim "Last Prophet" Muhammed. Hussain was killed at "Battle of Karbala", Iraq, in October 680 CE. It is especially used in the context of the Shiite's annual mourning of Hussain being killed on Ashura (the 10th day in the month of Muharram). The "Arbaeen Pilgrimage" marks the end of a 40-day mourning period following the day of Ashura, the religious ritual that commemorates the death of Imam Hussain. [Flag colors: green = Muslim; black = mourning; red = avenge Hussain's killing.]
William Garrison, 19 August 2024

There's a variant of this flag which is a red horizontal background with the inscription in Arabic "ياحسين" (English: Oh Hussain).

image located by Esteban Rivera, 1 October 2024
Source: https://www.jfeed.com/news-israel/skokrt and https://x.com/vianack22

#ThxBBfromIran is trending as Iranians take to social media to thank Netanyahu for killing Nasrallah. In an image several IRGC Generals are seen during a meeting in which the image is portrayed in the background, the image itself a screenshot from a video at 0:18.
Esteban Rivera, 1 October 2024

image located by Esteban Rivera, 1 October 2024
Source: https://spanish.alibaba.com/product-detail/Ya-Hussain-Iranian-Flag

This version has an additional inscription in Arabic as follows: "Ø§Ù† Ø§Ù„ØØ³ÙŠÙ† Ù…ØµØ¨Ø§Ø Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¯Ù‰ ÙˆØ³ÙÙŠÙ†Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù†Ø¬Ø§Ø©" (English: al-Hussain is the lamp of Hadith ('remnant', purported words and the silent approvals) and the Sunnah (the body of traditions and practices) of Salvation).
Esteban Rivera, 1 October 2024

image located by Esteban Rivera, 1 October 2024
Source: https://spanish.alibaba.com/product-detail/Ya-Hussain-Iranian-Flag

### Red Jihad War flag / Red Flag of Revenge

image located by Bill Garrison, 21 November 2022

On 4 Jan 2020 various media reported that a "Red flag of jihad war" had been raised above the Jamkaran mosque in the Shiite holy city of Qom, Iran. Rather than being raised as an actual "declaration of war" by Iran against the U.S., It had been raised in memorium to honor Iranian Gen. Qasem Soleimani, who had been killed by an American-drone airstrike early on 3 Jan 2020. The white slogan on the red flag reads: "Those who want to avenge the blood of Hussein", who was a Shiite warrior who died as a martyr/shahid in battle in Oct. 680 AD in Karbala, Iraq. Its raising heralds a declaration that Shiites are ready for war against the U.S. in retaliation for both the killing of Soleimani, as well as in opposition to the economically harmful U.S.-led oil embargo against Iran. Red flags in Shiite tradition symbolize both blood spilled unjustly (such as Hussain & Soleimani) and serve as a call to avenge a person who is slain while defending either the Shiite religion or the Shiite-oriented Iranian government. Other similar "Hussain" commemoration flags are usually less militaristic, in that that they usually merely read "Ya, Hussain" in a prayerful appeal for Hussain's spirit to assist troubled Shiites.
source: https://metro.co.uk/2020/01/04/iran-unfurls-red-flag-show-ready-war-us-air-strike-12001520 and/or https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10670210/iran-unfurls-red-flag-ready-for-war/
William Garrison, 5 January 2020

Various media are claiming that a "Red Flag of Revenge" has been flown at the same mosque.
"Iran Raises â€˜Red Flag Of Revengeâ€™ In Holy City Of Qom" - https://charter97.org/en/news/2022/11/2/522507.

Briefly, a Ukrainian officer claimed that this flag raising meant that Iran was declaring war against those countries that were opposing Russia's early 2022 invasion of Ukraine. and elsewhere: "WATCH: Iran unveils red flag of revenge against America at mosque"
Both flags are the same. So now the "Red Jihad War Flag" has morphed into the "Red Flag of Revenge" within the media. In actuality, this "red flag" is not specifically pro-Soleimani, nor anti-U.S., nor pro-Russia, but raised more in a prayerful appeal for Imam Hussain's spirit to assist troubled Shiites during troubling times.
William Garrison, 21 November 2022

images located by Martin Karner, 3 August 2024

These are slightly different "Red Flag of Revenge" flags than in a video about the actual situation in the Middle East (from Amir Tsarfati on his channel "Behold Israel"): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0zqmi07pkE (see at 19:10 â€“ 19:33 min.).
Martin Karner, 3 August 2024

I have noticed that seemingly each year some Muslim shrine will fly a revised-design flag that looks similar to the previous year's flag. I believe the new flag (above left) is an updated, latest and greatest, revised design of a former, similar flag that is already shown in FOTW. I would include it as a new version.
William Garrison, 3 August 2024

image located by Elias Grandqvist, 5 January 2026

Source: https://kashmirobserver.net/2022

### Jaish al-Adl

image located by Bill Garrison, 5 April 2020

Source: https://pakistan.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_pf/features/2019/02/22/feature-02
Citation: Pakistan and Afghanistan share a common border. Inside Pakistan, pro-Sunni-Muslim "Jaish al-Adl" group, which is anti-Shia-Muslim Iran;, c. Oct. 2018.

Jaish al-Adl, is a Salafi jihadist militant organization that operates mainly in southeastern Iran, where there is a substantial concentration of Sunni Baluchis and a porous border with Pakistan.
Bill Garrison, 5 April 2020

image located by Bill Garrison, 3 November 2020

I just found another version of the Iran resistance Jaish al-Adl flag: source: https://www.thereference-paris.com/1432
Caption: "Members of the anti-Iranian, Sunni-Muslim "Jaish al-Adl" ("Army of Justice") stand in front of their militia's flag, c. Oct. 2018."
Bill Garrison, 3 November 2020

images located by Martin Karner, 9 October 2024

There is a flag or poster of the Balochistan (or Baluchestan) separatist group "Jaish al-Adl" in Iran. The caption of the video says that the (male) fighter threatens the Iranian IRGC and officials. Filmed not very cleverly, the fighter covers a part of the flag/poster. There is a short sequence, where the whole flag is seen behind branches of a tree. Balochistan is a historic region split among Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The people call themselves Baloch.
The somewhat clumsy way the video was filmed and the look of the fighter is not without a certain humor. It could be that this group has no meaning beyond its closer surroundings, or it could be that it's part of a growing (?) oppositional movement in that region.
Source: https://x.com/Terror_Alarm/status/1841861127682052352
Balochistan (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan
Martin Karner, 9 October 2024

image by Ivo Sesnic, 10 October 2024

The official flag of the Jaish ul-Adl terror group is presented on Wikipedia. Having the same background pattern as the flag on X, it's differing in the inscripted texts. Maybe that flag on X belongs to a sub-group of Jaish ul-Adl, which is designated as a terrorist group by seven countries. It has a track record of dozens of killings and kidnappings, mostly IRGC members.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaish_ul-Adl
Martin Karner, 10 October 2024

Several of these flags show a black-field flag with a white triangle along the hoist side. Inside the white triangle are the Arabic words of "Allah Akbar" or "Allah is Great(est)", meaning that the Muslim god "Allah" is "greater" than any other "god" touted in other religions.
William Garrison, 4 March 2026

## Religious organizations

### Astan-e Quds Razavi charity

image located by William Garrison, 17 January 2020

From https://www.ncr-iran.org:
Astan-e Quds Razavi (AQR), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language: آستان قدس رضوی‎, is a charitable trust foundation based in Mashhad, Iran. It manages the Imam Reza shrine and its various other institutions.
2 flag varieties of same organization. c. Jan. 14, 2020. The first photo shows the flag having an additional second slogan line.
William Garrison, 17 January 2020

image located by William Garrison, 17 January 2020

image located by William Garrison, 31 March 2021

A green flag with the same design.
Source: https://www.mehrnews.com/news
William Garrison, 31 March 2021

Both flags are related to Astan Quds Razavi, a charitable trust of Iranian origin.
Esteban Rivera, 31 March 2021

image located by William Garrison, 28 April 2022

Source: https://en.abna24.com/news//iran-navy-becomes-regions-determining-force-senior-commander_1222589.html
William Garrison, 28 April 2022

The Astan Quds Razavi Foundation flag is a green horizontal background featuring the organization's logo in the middle and below it features the Shahada in yellow colors.
Esteban Rivera, 11 December 2022

Logo

image located by Esteban Rivera, 11 December 2022
Source: https://globe.razavi.ir

image located by William Garrison, 31 March 2021

A black mourning flag for the Shiite-Muslim Imam Reza (d. June 818), at his Holy Shrine in in Mashhad, Iran; c. 2020.
also see far below green version.
black flag source: https://ejiga.com/w/5oDPmf6
William Garrison, 31 March 2021

According to an old tradition, the mourning bodies of Mashhad start covering the religious centers with black fabrics on the last Friday of the month of Dhu al-Hajjah, but the beginning of Muharram in Mashhad becomes official by changing the flag of the dome of Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine. In this ritual, which is held on the last night of the month of Dhu al-Hajjah, under the title of Permission for Mourning, the servants remove the green flag of the golden dome and hoist a black flag instead.
Source: https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/361305/AQR-hoists-black-flag-over-the-shrine-s-dome-as-sign-of-mourning

Additionally, on special occassions, the mouring flag has been raised as well to commemorate other passings (i.e. https://www.facebook.com/imamrezaen1/posts and https://apnews.com/article

Astan Quds Razavi), established on April 11, 1510 is a charitable trust that has participation in many economic (industrial, financial, social, educational, etc.) activities through its multiple subsidiaries and institutions.
Sources: https://www.ncr-iran.org
https://www.iranwatch.org/iranian-entities/astan-quds-razavi
https://iranfocus.com/economy
https://irannewswire.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astan_Quds_Razavi and
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki
For additional information go to Razavi (official website): https://www.razavi.ir/
Esteban Rivera, 9 December 2024

See also:

- Razavi Agricultural Co.
- Razavi Food Industry Co.

## Friday Prayer flag

images located by Esteban Rivera, 16 November 2024
Sources: www.afallahi.ir and www.hawzahnews.com

This seems to be the Friday prayer flag. There even seems to be a website (https://namazjomeh.ir) but I can't seem to find any further information on its origins nor the arrangement and meaning of the colors.
The flag is a cyan horizontal background with the logo in the middle.
The logo bears the inscription in Farsi "قاع الى الله ستاد برگزاری نماز جمعه شهرستان خوی" (English: Ka'a Allah headquarters of Friday prayer in Khoy city) which might suggest that depending on the location (the inscription below), the city name varies so there's one flag for each city. For instance, there are flags for the city of Ramsar, Kerman, etc.

Esteban Rivera, 16 November 2024

### Logo

images located by Esteban Rivera, 16 November 2024

Source: https://www.instagram.com/namazjome_khoy

For some quick background, the Christian day of Sabbath is Sunday, for Jews it is essentially Saturday (okay, starting Friday evening to the start of Saturday evening), and for Muslims it is Friday. My contact in Tehran informed me: "The wording on the flag is part of an Ayah [sentence] in Surat [chapter] Al-Jomoah ["Friday"]. It says: "hurry towards saying the Dhikr". The flag is of the "Friday Prayer Organizing Committee for Khoy city". Chat GPT seems a good assistant in translating!

The second picture with Imam is with word [in white Farsi lettering inside the rectangular dark-blue box] Kerman that is the main city in Kerman Province." "Dhikr" is a form of Islamic worship where Muslims repeatedly recite phrases or prayers to remember and glorify Allah/God. The word "dhikr" is Arabic and means "remembrance". As Esteban surmised, different cities may have their own name in the rectangular dark-blue box. From Wikipedia: "Al-Jumuʿah (Arabic: الجمعة, "Friday") is the 62nd chapter (surah/surat) of the Quran with 11 verses (ayah/ayat). The chapter is named al-jumu`ah ("Friday") because it is the day of assembly, when the community abandons trade, transactions, and other diversions in favor of assembling" [such as at a mosque]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jumu'ah

William Garrison, 24 November, 2024